SHEET WV-01 · FORMATION DOSSIER

West Virginia

Form an LLC in West Virginia as a non-resident: the verified state fee, the duty that follows you every year, the agent rule, and the traps that are specific to this state — each figure sourced on this sheet.

State formation fee: $100
Total with Formation Complete: $499
Annual duty cost: $25/yr
Report pattern: On or before 11:59 PM on June 30 of each year (or every two years if a biennial reporting elect

On fee alone, West Virginia is the 26th cheapest of the 49 jurisdictions in this Atlas to form in. Fee is the smallest part of the decision — the duty below is the part that repeats.

What it takes here

You form a West Virginia LLC by filing Articles of Organization with the West Virginia Secretary of State, Business Division. The state fee is $100, collected by us at cost as a pass-through — the state keeps its fee; our $399 is separate and labelled as ours on the pricing page. Fees, due date and biennial rules follow WV Code 59-1-2a (post-July 1, 2026 text). The late fee amount is the one on the official SOS LLC annual report form (Rev. 09/2026).

Name rules

Your company name must contain a limited-liability designator — “Limited Liability Company” or an accepted abbreviation such as “LLC” — and must be distinguishable from names already on the records of the West Virginia Secretary of State, Business Division. A name that implies a regulated activity (banking, insurance, trust) or a government affiliation invites rejection or a consent requirement in West Virginia as in most states. For a non-resident there is a second, quieter naming point: the name on the Articles of Organization is the name the IRS will print on your EIN confirmation (the CP 575), and it is the name your bank and payment processors will match against your documents. Pick the final name before filing; amending it later is a second state filing with a second fee.

Publication

West Virginia imposes no newspaper-publication requirement on a new LLC. The publication duty that founders read about belongs to a small set of states — New York, Arizona and Nebraska are the ones in this Atlas — and it does not travel with you if you form here.

Forms, office and processing

The filing office is the West Virginia Secretary of State, Business Division. The formation document is the Articles of Organization; most West Virginia filings can be made online, and online filings are acknowledged faster than paper ones as a rule. The Business & Licensing Division prints the menu on its filing-submission instructions: standard processing is 5–10 business days, and expedited service is $25 for 24-hour, $250 for 2-hour and $500 for 1-hour handling. (Processing source: the office’s own page — checked 2026-11-05.) What we commit to in writing, before anything is filed, is the fee, the duty and the due pattern on this sheet.

The foreign-registration warning

Forming in West Virginia does not licence you to operate everywhere. If your LLC will have an office, employees, inventory or a sustained physical presence in another state, that state will generally require foreign qualification there — a second registration, a second agent and a second set of duties, on top of this one. Non-residents most often trip on this by forming in a low-fee state while living-adjacent operations, warehousing or staff sit somewhere else. The state of formation should follow the business, not the other way round; the diagnostic on this site asks where your customers and operations are for exactly this reason.

Your registered agent in West Virginia

No mandatory registered agent: the annual report form asks for the name/address of the person (agent) to whom notice of legal process may be sent 'if any', and the $25 fee is expressly for the Secretary of State's services as statutory attorney-in-fact. An agent for service of process is optional/permissive in WV.

Formation Complete includes the registered agent for year one. From year two the renewal is $149 a year — the same figure on every sheet in this Atlas, because the agent’s job (a real address, a person or service that can receive process, and forwarding that actually reaches a founder overseas) costs the same diligence in Charleston as anywhere else. If you move the agent elsewhere, the duty calendar below does not move with it: the report duty belongs to the LLC, not to the agent.

Duty calendar

Annual report — due Jun 30 — $25.

Filled cell = a month in which this state’s duty falls due.

The recurring duty is the line that decides what West Virginia costs you in year three, not just year one. Annual report — due Jun 30 — $25. Priced into the five-year table on this sheet at $25 a year (annualised), it is the difference between a cheap formation and a cheap company.

If it is late. $50 late fee: SOS annual report form states $25 if paid by June 30, $75 total if paid after June 30 (includes $50 late fee). Statute 59-1-2a(h) also prescribes late fees in addition to other penalties.

If the duty is missed altogether. Dissolution or revocation for failure to pay fees/file, after the SOS notifies the entity by certified mail at least 30 days before the dissolution/revocation date (59-1-2a(g)(1))

Cost of ownership

Formation Complete $399 one-time + state fee at cost; agent renewal $149/yr from year 2; state duty annualised from the verified figure on this sheet.
Horizon	Total paid	What it contains
Year 1	$499	$399 package + $100 state fee; agent year 1 included
By end of year 2	$673	Year 1 + $149 agent renewal + $25 state duty
By end of year 5	$1,195	Year 1 + four renewals + four years of state duty

Compare that five-year figure, not the formation fee, against any other state you are considering — the compare tray in the Atlas does it side by side for up to three states. A state that is $100 cheaper to form and $300 a year heavier to keep is the expensive state.

The Atlas arithmetic for West Virginia: formation fee $100 (26th of 49), year one $499 including the $399 Formation Complete package, five years $1,195 (21st of 49). Between year one and year five the only recurring items are the $149 agent renewal and the state duty of $25 a year. The state duty itself makes up 8.4% of the five-year total; the rest is the package and the registered-agent renewal. That sits below the Atlas median five-year cost of $1,260. A formation fee is a one-afternoon number; the five-year total is the cost of actually owning the company, and on that measure West Virginia undercuts the median state.

Non-resident specifics in West Virginia

West Virginia’s recurring state cost for a domestic LLC is the duty on this sheet — Annual report — due Jun 30 — $25. Two cautions decide whether that stays the whole story. First, tax follows activity, not paperwork: if your customers, property or people are in another state, that state can require foreign qualification there and tax the activity there, whatever this sheet says. Second, an LLC is a state-law shell around a federal tax position: a foreign-owned single-member LLC is disregarded for federal income tax by default, which is exactly the status that carries the Form 5472 duty described in the non-resident section below — the state choice does not change it.

The federal layer, which no state choice removes. A single-member LLC owned by a non-resident is, by default, a disregarded entity for US federal income tax — and since 2017 that status carries an annual information duty: Form 5472 attached to a pro-forma Form 1120, due each year the LLC exists, reporting reportable transactions with its foreign owner (funding the company counts). The penalty for a missing or late Form 5472 starts at $25,000. Multi-member LLCs are taxed as partnerships by default and file Form 1065, with their own withholding questions when US-source income reaches foreign partners. None of this is a reason not to form; all of it is a reason to form with the calendar already drawn. The EIN guide on this site walks the Form SS-4 route for founders with no SSN or ITIN, the CP 575 you receive, and the 5472 duty in full.

Address and banking reality. Your West Virginia LLC’s address on the state record is its registered office — the agent’s address — which is a service address, not your trading address, and should never be sold to you as one. Banks and payment processors will ask for the beneficial owner’s foreign address and passport-grade identification, and many will ask why the company sits in West Virginia; “my operations and customers are there” is an answer, a fee table is not. Form where the answer is true.

Plot my route — the 5-question diagnostic Compare West Virginia in the Atlas

Sources: formation fee and duty verified against official state sources — West Virginia Secretary of State, Business Division: https://code.wvlegislature.gov/59-1-2/ · duty record: http://code.wvlegislature.gov/59-1-2A/ · fees verified 2026-11-03, duties verified 2026-11-04. Federal figures (Form 5472 penalty) per IRS instructions for Form 5472.